Middleborough is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 23,116 at the 2010 census. For geographic and demographic information on the village of Middleborough Center, please see the article Middleborough Center, Massachusetts. In the summer of 2007, Middleborough became the proposed location for a controversial future resort casino, sponsored by the Wampanoag Tribe of Mashpee, Massachusetts.